Use of English · Test 36

Ecotourism: is there a downside?

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer ( A, B, C or D ) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning ( 0 ).

Example:

Tourism is an important 0 _____ of the global economy and ecotourism has been growing more rapidly than any other sector in the industry recently. Over the past decade, it has grown 1 (1) ____ almost 400% – an unprecedented figure in such niche area.

Ecotourism aims to be the most sustainable, environmentally 2 (2) ____ tourism possible. The word has been in use 3 (3) ____ 1983 to describe how adventurous people visit relatively unexplored parts of the world without harming the environment. All the 4 (4) ____ that are received from this type of tourism generally help support the local economy and environmental projects.

Is a tourist’s carbon 5 (5) ____ the only consideration? Sadly, it’s not. Let’s look at Kenya, where 6 (6) ____ on safari are usually in the morning. This is when lions like to hunt. However, the ecotourists 7 (7) ____ many other animals away, meaning that any lions in the area have to hunt in the hot, tiring hours of the day. 8 (8) ____, it’s better to shoot pictures of animals than to shoot guns at them, but ecotourists or not, the animals would probably just prefer to be left alone.

Shakespeare: the mysteries and the facts

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning ( 0 ). In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: ALSO

William Shakespeare must surely be the greatest writer in the English language, and he may 0 _____ be the writer who 9 9 influenced our language the most. For example, he came 10 10 with many phrases we commonly use today, like ‘all of a sudden’, ‘love is blind’ and ‘too much of a good thing’. He might not be everyone’s favourite author, but people 11 11 highly of his work, and Hamlet, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet are some of the best-known plays in the world.

12 12 Shakespeare is famous, we don’t know much about his life – not even his date of birth! He was baptised in Stratford-upon-Avon on 26th April 1564, so he must have been born around that time. His birthday is celebrated on 23rd April, but no one can say 13 13 sure whether that is the right date. Similarly, little is known about his education. He may have attended school in Stratford, where he could have studied Latin and Greek. It can’t have been easy – school started at 6 a.m. and finished at 5 p.m., so he would have had to 14 14 up with very long hours.

In recent years, this lack of knowledge about Shakespeare’s life has led to speculation that other people might have written some of his works. However, while it is sometimes difficult to tell the 15 15 between Shakespeare’s work and other contemporary writers’, the vast 16 16 of scholars agree that it simply can’t be true – the works must be Shakespeare’s own.

0 _____ on the southern coast of England, the Jurassic Coast is worth a visit. It’s one of the most beautiful 17 17 reserves in England and is on the shores of the English Channel. You don’t have to be a 18 18 to admire this 95-mile stretch of stony and 19 19 coastline, where the landscape changes 20 20 due to landslides and erosion. You might pick up a fossil on a walk along stunning Chesil Beach and 21 21 Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations, or you could even see a dinosaur footprint. Accompanied by 22 22 guides, visitors can watch birds and wildlife.The beauty of the area 23 23 attracts a lot of visitors, so there is a high-profile campaign for zero-impact tourism. The campaign is trying to prevent sea and beach pollution, and is aimed at people on holiday in the area, as well as local residents. Every year, thousands of volunteers join in a 24 24 clean-up to protect the coast Jurassic Coast for future generations. 0.LOCATION